SQL DATEDIFF()

SQL DATEDIFF() function is used to calculate the difference between two dates.

SYNTAX

DATEDIFF( datepart, date1, date2)

The DATEDIFF() function accepts three arguments that is  datepart, date1 and date2.

datepart is the part of date that you want to compare between date1 and date 2 and it could be a month, a year , a day etc ..
date1 and date2 are the dates to be compared and it could be a type of datetime, date, time etc..

It always subtracts a date1 from date2, datepart of a Date that is passed to argument 2 is always subtracted from datepart  of date that is passed to argument 3  .

DATEDIFF() function returns an integer value which is the difference of datepart between date1 and date2 .

If a return value out of range for int (-2,147,483,648 to +2,147,483,647) , DATEDIFF() function returns an error , in such case you should use DATEDIFF_BIG().

Lets look at an example of DATEDIFF() in SQL Server.

Following SQL Statement returns a differences of two dates for a datepart  – month, day, year, quarter, dayofyear, week, hour and minute

declare @date1 as datetime ='2017-12-25 22:52:36.370' ;
declare @date2 as datetime ='2018-01-25 22:52:36.370'

SELECT DATEDIFF(year, @date1, @date2) as year_diff,
DATEDIFF(month, @date1, @date2) as month_diff,
DATEDIFF(day, @date1, @date2) as day_diff,
DATEDIFF(quarter, @date1, @date2) as quarter_diff,
DATEDIFF(dayofyear, @date1, @date2) as dayofyear_diff,
DATEDIFF(week, @date1, @date2) as week_diff,
DATEDIFF(hour, @date1, @date2) as hour_diff,
DATEDIFF(minute, @date1, @date2) as minute_diff;

 

 

In case, if  the date1 and date2 are same

If date1 and date2 are same then for any given datepart the difference will be zero (0).

declare @date1 as datetime ='2017-12-25 22:52:36.370' ;
declare @date2 as datetime ='2017-12-25 22:52:36.370'

SELECT DATEDIFF(year, @date1, @date2) as year_diff,
DATEDIFF(month, @date1, @date2) as month_diff,
DATEDIFF(day, @date1, @date2) as day_diff,
DATEDIFF(quarter, @date1, @date2) as quarter_diff,
DATEDIFF(dayofyear, @date1, @date2) as dayofyear_diff,
DATEDIFF(week, @date1, @date2) as week_diff,
DATEDIFF(hour, @date1, @date2) as hour_diff,
DATEDIFF(minute, @date1, @date2) as minute_diff;

 

As you can see, for a same dates DATEDIFF() function returns 0 for any datepart.

Similarly , you can use other valid datepart in this function to get a difference between two dates.

day                    d, dd 
month                  m, mm
year                   yy, yyyy
quarter                qq, q
hour                   hh
minute                 mi, n
second                 ss, s
millisecond            ms
microsecond            mcs
nanosecond             ns
week                   wk, ww
dayofyear              dy, y

In case, when the difference between two dates for the datepart milliseconds is greater than the int max (i.e. 2,147,483,647) value

In Following T-SQL statement for a datepart millisecond the difference between two given dates is exceeding the max int value 2,147,483,647. In this case, it gives an error as shown below.

declare @date1 as datetime ='2017-12-25 22:52:36.370'
declare @date2 as datetime ='2018-12-25 22:52:36.370'

SELECT DATEDIFF(MILLISECOND, @date1, @date2) as millisecond_diff

 

As you can see , it gives an error so to avoid an over flow error you can use DATEDIFF_BIG() function.

declare @date1 as datetime ='2017-12-25 22:52:36.370' ;
declare @date2 as datetime ='2018-12-25 22:52:36.370'

SELECT DATEDIFF_BIG(MILLISECOND, @date1, @date2) as millisecond_diff

Now this time, It does not give an error and returns a difference of two date for millisecond.

 

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